Some Summaries of Books that Relate to the New Information Essay

Some Summaries of Books that Relate to the New Information Technologies - Essay Example Behavioural design focuses mainly on the pleasure and effectiveness of use. For a customer, visceral response is judged a product design as for whether good or bad. A bad design is likely to lead customers to an escape syndrome. A good product will enhance productivity and hence more sales. Norman further explains that cognitive design deals with intellectualization and rationalization of choices (Norman, 2004). The customers’ ability to understand a product in addition to the pride of ownership, integration, and self-image of the product is enhanced by cognitive design. Norman asserts that affective reaction is cognitive driven which functions as a means of survival. Visceral design occurs naturally since they are genetically designed to occur hence unavoidable. A product designer considers this aspect in order to score highly in the current competitive market. If a product produces an odor it yields negative, affect which the emotions sense as dangerous. When a product match es the standards of the consumer, it produces a positive effect, which yields satisfaction to the consumer. The self-image of a product is most likely to yield pleasure to a consumer and hence the product will sell according to Norman. Balancing the three aspects of design is a major challenge to designers but if achieved, it provides satisfaction to consumers, which relates to high sales of the product. Question 2 iPod and philosophy contains 19 chapters which discuss the philosophy behind a digital iPod mobile device. The writer of this book critically discusses the effect of this devise on human relationships and their lives in general. I find chapter two and three very interesting. The two chapters discuss the changing trends and behavior of human beings with regard to iPods. The device has led to increased interconnection amongst people as the level of interaction is increasing in social sites such as Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn and many others. The device has played a major ro le in downplaying the sense of community. The traditional relationships are cut lose by this device and new communities are developed in the social sites. The device also affects both positively and negatively in relation to social skills. On the positive side, the device helps people in socializing hence improving their social skills. On the negative side, the device has deteriorated the language use. Varied forms of language development in the social sites and this affects most of the young people who are attaching themselves to these sites. However, the iPod has a great impact when it comes to race and relations. Racial interaction improves and increases with the level of interrelationship that exists in these sites. Many communities exist in these sites and many people tend to interact regardless of their race, tribe, or status. Wittkower is however concerned about the impact of this device on education (Whittkower, 2008). As already mentioned above, the device affects negativel y in language use.

Setting up a business Essay Example for Free

Setting up a business Essay Introduction Tods tyres is a company which deals in fitting new sets of tyres to fleets of cars. Tod has to record the details of each car, and send the owners a letter when the cars are due for new tyres. Previously, this could all be done manually, but the growth of the company has meant there is a need for a more efficient system. The existing system is all manual, with Tod or one of his clerks keeping a book containing all the details of cars he maintains, as well as the addresses of his clients. He writes out a letter on a basic word processor on his home computer, and changes the address manually. A new design is needed to make the company more efficient, as Well as increase the capacity for adding new customers in the future. Ideally, the system should be very easy to use, as Tod himself is not very experienced with computers. Because Tod holds the details of his customers on this computer, it must be protected from unauthorised use. A good way to do this would be to protect either the entire computer or the database with a password Specification of solution The Solution, for it to be a complete success, must be capable of each of the following: 1. It must store each record in a way that it is easily visible, easily compared with similar records, and easily retrievable with a query 2. It has to be protectable with at least a password, to satisfy the requirements of the data protection act. 3. The database itself must be easy and intuitive to use for its users, and must be a stable and reliable program. 4. The data itself must be transferable to a common storage medium, like floppy disks or CDRs, for cheap and compact back-up storage. However, these disks must be kept safe from unauthorised access, as per the data protection acts. 5. The programme must update the file in real-time; e. g. a change to the database at one workstation will register at the others with immediately after. The solution, as a secondary objective, should be relatively cheap and easy to upgrade in the future. For instance, a few spare RAM sockets would be useful, as data flow increases and extra memory is needed. The program developed to solve the problem should be widely compatible with most widely available platforms, so that the records can be viewed on other computers, in case the office computer is inaccessible, so that backups can be used. It is recommended the whole database be backup as often as possible, but every week or so would be sufficient, depending on the rate of data transfer in and out of the database. The new system should also be easy to use and straightforward to operate. This will mean that Tod and the clerks can use the system quickly and easily, and so reduce operating time and shop stress. Therefore, I think a windows 98 system (stable, basic, and needs a modest spec to run) with Access XP or 2000, whichever is cheaper. After a fitting of a tyre is completed, the quantity of the appropriate tyre available is reduced by the appropriate amount, and the last tyre date of the car data table is updated manually. This way we can easily find how many tyres of each type are in stock, and how long each car has before it is due in again. The solution program must be: 1. Easy and intuitive to use 2. Able to operate on a low spec The firm will want to keep the spending on hardware to a minimum. 3. Able to search for records, for quick access to data. 4. Protected by a password + anti-virus software, under the data protection act. 5. Easy to backup: i. Must support floppy disk backups ii. Must be a commonly used format (e. g. must be able to be read on most machines, etc. ) Feasibility study Although the computerised process would save time in the long term, there is the short-term cost of buying and setting up the computer equipment. However, I think this would save the company time and money in the middle/ long term. To keep the firm efficient whilst it expands, computerising the administration system would free up staff time, making the workforce bigger than it needs to be. This computerised system means the firm will not need to employ a secretary or any other manual filing system, until the database grows too large to manage. This is all part of the process of mechanisation, and cant be helped. If the firm expands too much without checks being made on efficiency, a diseconomy of scale may well result. This would increase running costs, and decrease profits over time. In all, I think the middle- and long-term benefits far outweigh the short-term costs. There is the possible problem of Tod having to personally fill in all the records himself, since he is the only one with the knowledge of who gets the 5% discount or not. The system would result in a much better reminder system, so that more customers will potentially come back to the firm. The only cost would be the cost of the computer equipment, and the cost in time and money of maintenance in the future. The system runs basic hardware and common software, so technicians able to deal with the system would be common. Why use a database? Databases are very practical methods of data storage, because they provide a very simple, uncluttered GUI for a novice user, but can prove very powerful tools for searching and the like for the advanced user. This is why I decided not to use Excel; the interface is comparatively complex in relation, and may confuse the first-time user. Also, databases allow for many more types of record to be shown there is the option to publish the results in an individual record card, which Excel cannot do. Excel is not totally useless for this project; Tod might be able to make use of its graph-making and accounting features, especially as the company grows and needs to be more in control of its productivity and expenses. Hardware Specification Required At the moment, we are going for a very cheap, reliable system, because of the low system requirements of the programs involved. Following the recent leaps in processor speed, and the advent of new technology like the Pentium 4 series, you can purchase new Pentium 3/ duron processors at very low prices. Because of rapid increases in new CPU speeds, we can now set up a very competent system very cheaply. RAM has also become cheaper, which is just as well, because were going to need 128 Meg in each machine in order to maintain a good level of stability, and safely clear the minimum requirements of Windows 98. A 128 Meg RAM chip costs about i 20. We wont bother with DDR Ram; SDR is cheaper and has no noticeable downgrade in performance, as well as the added cost of getting a compatible motherboard, since the technology is relatively recent. I would recommend buying the parts from a registered computer fair, rather than a large- scale retailer, because larger shops are only interested in i 700 home systems and upwards. The older parts used in these systems enable a complete computer to be built for under i 180. CPU: 450-mhz p3 Less than i 25 if used. Hard Disk: 10-gig ATA 133 Surpassed, but cheap and plenty of room for OS and database. RAM: 128 MEG, SDR. Motherboard: Old ABIT models have legendary reliability. About i 50 used. Case: Minitower case. Theyre cheap (ish) and save space on the desk. About i 15. Graphics card: Cheap, low-end versions cost about i 10, or some motherboards carry one on-board. For this sort of application, we really have no choice but to use a database/ spreadsheet program, because they have a better capacity to index and sort data by name, price etc. more easily than having each record on paper, for instance, or even entering the information in a word-processing application. For example, its a lot easier to add a record in-between two others, because a Database program like Access will automatically update other fields, like the Autonumber field, for example. Its also a lot easier to move the records down in the first place, because the database program has many spreadsheet features. The screenshot here shows the option clearly visible. However, performing the same operation in word can send records all over the page. Entity Relationship diagram This illustrates the relationships the solution will need to take into account. The relationships should ideally be linked in real time, so that changing the record in one table will automatically update the fields in another table. Database Notation: ACCOUNTS (Customer account ID, No.of cars name, company address ,company postcode, 5% discount? ) CARS (Customer account ID, Car ID, Model name, Reg number, Last tyres date) CURRENT JOBS (Customer account ID, Car ID, Date in, reg number) TYRE STOCKS(Tyre ID, Number left in stock) Data dictionary Car Database Fieldname Type Description Customer ID Number duplicates OK Car ID Autonumber Duplicates not OK Comments Text (256 characters) Allows other car details to be recorded, e. g. year of production Reg Number Text Only accepts new numbers ( ) Tyre type needed Text (P1000 OR P3000 OR P5000 OR P7000). Indicates which tyre type best suits the car Last change date Date/time Should display the date in days, months and years. Example Accounts Database Fieldname Type Description Customer ID Autonumber Must be indexed, duplicates not OK No. of cars Number Preferably looks up quantity of cars listed 5% Discount? Boolean Tick box Customer Name Text Normal Text Customer Address Text Normal Text Customer Postcode Text Normal Text Example Current jobs Database Fieldname Type Description Customer Account Number Number Identifies customer (lookup from customer accounts, duplicates OK) Car ID Number Duplicates not OK.. Date in Date Reg number Text ( ) Lookup from car table, by car ID Tyre type needed Number Must be below that in the tyre stocks field for that particular tyre in the tyre stock table Example Tyre stocks Database Fieldname Type Description Tyre Type ID Autonumber Gives a primary key for lookup functions Manufacturer ID Text P1000, P3000 P5000, P7000 Tyre price Currency Cost of tyre to buy Number of tyres in stock Number Gives tyre stock Reports Invoice report Fieldname Type Description Customer ID Autonumber Lookup from Accounts table. Car ID Number Lookup from car table 5% discount Boolean Lookup from accounts Sub total Currency formula 1 VAT/ other tax formula 2 Total Currency formula 3 Cars due in report Fieldname Type Description Customer ID Number Lookup from Accounts table Car ID Number Lookup from car table Car Reg # Text string   Lookup from car table Last tyres date Date Lookup from car table Queries Name Function qryaccount Inputting an account number allows the user to access that customers history qryRegistration. Inputting a valid registration number will reveal the owner and other details qrytyrestocks Allows the user to enter a tyre type and view details of how many tyres of that type are left in stock, and how much they are sold to the customer for. qryCarsduein Allows the user to enter a date and view details of the cars that are due for new tyres Validation rules. To ensure the smooth running of the database, it is important to ensure that errors are found and corrected by the user. To ensure these errors are detected, the following measures have been implemented. Format checks all dates input into the system must be in the format DD/MM/YYYY. For instance, a date like 02/06/2002 will be accepted, but anything not in this format or a letter will create the following error message The short date criteria means data is only accepted in numerical A similar set of rules apply for the car registration numbers. They must be in the new style European format, or this error box will appear: Range check A date from before 1950 is very unlikely to be valid. Since Tods tyres hasnt been around very long, a rule preventing dates from before 1953 being put in is useful. Query Design. Firstly, we need a query to highlight cars which are due in for new tyres, i. e. those which the last tyres date was over a year ago. To do this, we can set up the following query. Standard letter query Fields displayed = Car ID, Customer address, customer postcode, date due in Criteria for Date due in date() + 365 This query will produce a list of the cars which are due in for new tyres; this list can then be used to set up a mail merger, so that the customers address, postcode and the registration of the car will be inserted into the letter. An example of this letter is attached at the back of the report. An example of this could be given by a car with a last tyres date of 02/05/2001. This would be picked up by the query, and entered into the mail merge letter with the owners address and postcode. Dataflow diagram Level one diagram Why use a database? Databases are very practical methods of data storage, because they provide a very simple, uncluttered GUI for a novice user, but can prove very powerful tools for searching and the like for the advanced user. This is why I decided not to use Excel; the interface is comparatively complex in relation, and may confuse the first-time user. Also, databases allow for many more types of record to be shown there is the option to publish the results in an individual record card, which Excel cannot do. Test plan Test number Description Expected result 1 Security password Only accepts correct password 2 Relationships cross referencing Extending a field in one table will show relevant contents of other tables. 3 Relationships Real-time updating Updating one table will update the other tables correctly 4 Query Searching for Customers by name will provide the desired result 5. Invoice lookup The mail merges produce the correct customer details, car registration number etc 6 Invoice Calculation 5% discount is applied correctly, totals are added up correctly and end result is formatted correctly (e. g. as a currency) 7 Car registration Validation rules An incorrect format for a car registration will be picked up 8 Date validation rules An impossible date for a new car (e. g. 1953) would be picked up on. 9 Switchboard functionality Changing the amount of tyres left in the switchboard should update the tyre stocks table. 10 Tyre usage rule The current jobs table wont accept more than 5 tyres being fitted at a time. Testing report 1. On opening the database, the user is asked for a password before the database will open. If the password specified is incorrect, the database will refuse access: 2. Extending an entry in the accounts field can display data for the cars owned by a particular account holder: 3. Updating the last tyres date in the table above has updated the data in the original table, so that one table can be used to change or update another: 4. Searching for Cross, the name of one of the customers, brings up the file for Mr. Cross account. 5. The mail merge correctly inserts Elliot Cross Name, Address and Postcode successfully into the table 6. The mail merge also inserts a final paragraph, dependant on whether the account holder is entitled to a 5% discount. 6. An invalid car registration number is picked up by the validation rule 7. The validation rule stops the user from inputting a very suspectable value, a date before 1953 for a new car 8. Using the switchboard to increase tyre stocks (e. g.following a delivery of fresh tyres) automatically updates the tyre stocks table. The table is updated successfully, which suggests the switchboard has allowed for real-time editing of the database 9. Because of the following validation rules in the tyres used field: Putting in a value greater than 5 or lower than 1 produces the following error message: Evaluation The system has left Tod with a powerful database of stock and account details. This has completely computerised the system, making it more efficient and productive. This has meant addresses are accessible at the touch of a button, saving time. The added increase in staff morale has made the firm more efficient, as happier workers are more productive. This increased efficiency will save the firm money in the short run. This means extra profit for the firm. However, improvements could still be made in the future, including these points: 1. Connecting the system to the internet, allowing Tod to simply email reminders to interested clients. This would make the entire system more reliable and efficient, since labour costs are reduced by eliminating the need for a clerk to put the letters in envelopes, etc. It also reduces the possibility for human error, as long as the details are correctly input in the first place. 2. Upgrading the computer to make the system more stable. More RAM in future upgrades may prove particularly useful. Also, over time the company may wish to transfer the details into a bespoke system. This would maximise processing power, since RAM is being dedicated only to the basic functions of the database, and not unnecessary functions such as a windows shell. Also, it would reduce the possibility of time being wasted by employees on unrelated applications, like games on the computer. Tom ONeill Page 2 07/05/07.

How does Geography Affect Foreign Policy?

How does Geography Affect Foreign Policy? Plays Geography a vital role in International Relations? Is geography only refers to oceans, lands, animals, plants, atmosphere or more else? It has been a relation between geography and the historic progress of the states? These were some of the questions that came to my mind during the research. The purpose of this essay is to analyze which is the relationship between geography and International Relations, in order to achieve this goal; I focus on certain time periods to understand its relationship. First, I will start to explain the key concepts that I will use in this paper; these concepts are geography and International Relations. International Relations is the study of human interactions through national borders and the factors that affect those interactions. As one of those factors that affect mans interactions, are geographical factors. When we refers to Geography, it means the study between the Earth and its characteristics and is divided into two main branches-Human geograp hy and Physical geography. Geography not only means lands, oceans, animals, plants, it also refers to population, settlements, social traditions, human migration, economic activities etc. During many years those geographical features have impacted on international actions. Geography has been an essential tool for examining International Relations. It has been developed and tested as a tool of politics for centuries. During the prehistory, the cultures settlements were based on geographic areas that allowed them to develop sustainable economies; such as rivers valleys, which were lands very fertile and provided them to develop transport and communications, If the geographic space resulted insufficient for their survival, they conquered other territories and annexed them to the original one, or also they could lose it by the action of other cultures motivated by the same causes. Moreless geography was deeply important in understanding the first forms of social organization and its int eractions with other civilizations. During Ancient area, philosophers such as Hippocrates, Hecateus, Parmenides, and Aristotle focused on the effects of climate on mans political culture. They believed different climates created differences in civilizations and in the military characteristics of nations, for example, the more extreme the temperature differences, the more warlike the society. 1 While in the 19th century some scholars especially in German schools but also American schools started to explain the dynamic complexity of human geography. Its proponents felt that the political boundaries and political structures which existed in the world were the product of natural laws. Thus, international relations were thought to be subject to and the product of the operation of these laws 2. They created a science to explain the relationship of geographical features and politics called Geopolitik ( German). A pioneer of this theory was Friedrich Ratzel (1844-1905) who said that the geographical features and natural conditions and especially those big spaces play a important role in states and individuals life, and the society depends in the territory they live and it is determined by natural laws. Also Friedrich Ratzel inspired the theory of the living space (Lebensraum) which is the territory supposedly that requires an state to obtain its survival and self-sufficiency. Thi s was the major political idea of Adolf Hitler during World War and an essential element of the Nazi ideology. It means to have extra space for the welfare and growth of the population and to achieve a superior country; this idea was basically a motivation for the expansionist policies of Germany. During the Mid-20th century, geographers like Rudolf Kjellà ©n, Sir Halford Mackinder and Karl Haushofer pointed out the influence of geographical factors on the relations of the power units in the international system. This classical theory had a significant impact on shaping policy from Imperial British strategy to U.S. Cold War strategy. An example of this classical theory was the term of heartland, introduced by Sir Halford Mackinder (1861-1947) which explained some conflicts of the period: World War II and Cold war. Mackinders notion of geopolitics can be summed up in his saying: Who rules East Europe commands the Heartland, Who rules the Heartland commands the World-Island Who rules the World-Island commands the world 3 The World Island, in turn, is a single slab of land whose all corners can be reached with simple and reliable transport. The railroads and the combustion engine would allow very rapid and even more efficient transportation, that could now surpass the mobility of sea power, tipping the scales in favour of land power. The World Island also contains more population and more of the resources a modern (at the time) economy needs. 4 this world island was considered Eurasia, which include the continents of Europe and Asia. Therefore, Cold War was a conflict enough to present a real evidence of the heartland theory. At that time, Soviet Union was the one who was ruling the heartland, it controlled Eastern Europe and as a result was in a position of threat or influence around the whole world. Also in there were located the major oil resources, a key resources of that period to develop military power, and as I said before, the world island was reached with simple and reliable transport, but they need sufficient oil resources to develop an efficient transportation. As result British foreign policy and U:S:A foreign policy was toward this major potential threats. Therefore its main objective during this period was lo limit the expansion and influence of the Soviet Union. Finally, the end of communism, post-communist states started to develop its economy and created stables institutions. This region became one of the most powerful economies; some scholars began to analyze its political and economic results and considered that the geographical proximity to the West has exercised a positive influence on the transformation 5 of this powerful community. Geography was a tool in the EU decision-making process. Currently geography stills playing an important role on international relations. In the 21th century International Relations have facing other issues, making that some geographical factors lose their relevance. Topography, climate, and natural resources affect political outcomes during the first decades. During the 19th territory was a key element but with globalization territorys view has changed. Now, new theories have tried to give explanation, to subjects like the Iraq War, the emerging markets of China and India, the nuclear issues of Iran and No rth Korea, the different allegiance of regions: APEC, ASEAN, MERCOSUR, the conflict between Israel-Palestine, the oil reserves, Climatic Change, the water supplying among others. Geography shapes states attitudes and constraints political decisions. Currently Foreign Policy has been influence by geographical features like: human immigration, population growth, economy activities, food security, water and energy supply, environmental issues. My conclusion is that every nations geography affects its view of itself and it s view of the world. This essay tests that geography gives insights into the political dynamics. Geography is a permanent feature that has impact on human interactions. Each period of time has been influenced in different ways by geographical factors. We cannot exclude geography to understand internationals relations, modern geography is not longer only physical aspect it is also about human organization of the earth surface, and there is still more situations left that can explain the relationship of geography and international relations and its important role in this field.

Separate Peace Essay: Analysis of Marxism -- free essay writer

A Separate Peace:   Analysis of Marxism  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A Separate Peace is an impeccable paradigm of critical mythology interpreted by philosophers such as Marx, Engels and Hegel.   The philosophy of Marxism serves as a basis for socialism and communism and is explicitly demonstrated by means of power, the understanding of human nature, and alienation.   Finny demonstrates authority and control over a lonely, alienated friend Gene, however, unitedly they discover friendship through the individuality possessed by one another.   Finny and Gene agonize with these eminent responsibilities and endeavor to uncover an inner peace within themselves as they evolve into young adults waking to the realities of life.   Their entity follows the social formation of their lives,   â€Å"men enter into definite relations that are indispensable and dependant of their will, relations of production ...development of their material productive forces.† (Tucker, 1978, pg.4) Therefore, by means of growth to maturity the two young men exemplify the challenges of manhood.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Power is an extremely dominant element that illustrates authority and control between the two young men Finny and Gene.   Throughout society, â€Å"the social power, i.e., the multiplied productive force, which arises through the co-operation of different individuals, since their co-operation is not voluntary but has come about naturally, not as their own united power.†(Tucker,   pg.161) Finny conducts himself as an authority figure, and an individualist with distinct and domineering characteristics.   He emphasizes his power as a perfect individual that is not concerned what other people conceive of ... ...monstrates his advantage to take control over every individual without any sincere emotions of any kind.   However, the companionship developed through the nature of man, although agonizing, has formed a special bond between the two boys.   Gene, nonetheless contends with feelings of alienation and self-estrangement indirectly generated by Finny.  Ã‚   The two young men persevere these responsibilities to initiate a sense of inner peace that transpires from adolescence to adulthood.   Their experience’s prove to be a symmetric accomplishment of manhood.      Works Cited Knowles, John. (1959) A Separate Peace London: Secker & Warburg Limited    Tucker, Robert. (1978) The Marx-Engles Reader (2nd ed.) New York: W.W. Norton & Company    Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 99. 1998 Microsoft Corporation      

Drug Abuse

Table of contents Introduction and purpose of research Literature review Data collection sources Presentation, discussion and analysis of data Conclusion, limitations and recommendations Bibliography Appendices Introduction and purpose of research Drug abuse is a very prevalent and widespread problem in Trinidad and Tobago. It is the cause of many illegal activities in the country. This study is geared towards finding the causes and effects of drug abuse in teenagers in Rio Claro. The purpose of this study is to determine the causes and effects of drug abuse in Rio Claro.In this project the following research questions would be asked: 1. What is drug abuse? 2. What are the causes and effects of drug abuse? 3. What are the strategies that could be implemented to curb drug abuse? This topic was chosen because the prevalence of drug abuse in my community is very high and it is of my special interest because I would like to explore and understand the topic more. I am currently studying s ciences at school and it is my hope that studying this topic would further educate me about drug abuse as I would like to peruse a career in pharmacy.After this study is completed it is my hope that the research can be used to benefit the members of my community and other researchers to help prevent drug abuse. Some of the terms used in this research project are: 1. Drug abuse- substance abuse   use of a substance that modifies mood or behavior in a manner characterized by a maladaptive pattern of use. 2. 3. Literature review Drug abuse is th Data collection sources Primary data was obtained from the questionnaire. The process of distributing this questionnaire was done by simple random sampling. 00 % of the questionnaires were given to people that were teenagers on Saturday 10th December 2012 at the Rio Claro community centre. The questionnaire was an excellent means of obtaining data as the data collected was first hand and there was no third party handling the data so there was less room for tampering. The disadvantages of using this were that people may be dishonest and some may not return questionnaire. Thirty people were asked to answer a questionnaire that consisted of 17 questions and thirty questionnaires were obtained at the end of the research. All the data was quantative.Secondary data was obtained via the internet, newspaper and books. The information obtained from the internet was used to obtain background information about the topic and to further answer the research question. Books were used to get proper definitions and to get the biological perspective of drug abuse. The data was helpful at it helped me to better understand the topic of drug abuse. Both sources contributed to a better understanding of the topic as knowledge was gained about the problem from both sources. Presentation, interpretation and discussion of findings 1. Do you go to church/mosque/temple? Often O Sometimes O Not at all OGraph 2 showing types of families that the can didates lived in The graph above shows the types of families that the candidates live in. more than half the candidates lived in single parent families, Graph 3 showing weather candidates go to church/mosque/temple Conclusion, limitations and recommendations Appendix 1 Questionnaire A pleasant good day. My name is Shenell Lal and I go to cowen Hamilton secondary school. For my Caribbean studies internal assessment I am studying drug abuse and its causes and effects in my community of Rio Claro. Your participation in answering the following questionnaire is greatly appreciated.The information collected is strictly confidential. Thank you in advance. Please tick the appropriate boxes and answer in the spaces provided. 1. How old are you? 10- 15 O 16-23 O 2. Gender: Male O female O 3. Religion : Hindu O other O Muslim O Christian O 4. What type of family do you live in? Single parent O Nuclear O Extended O Other O 5. Do you go to church/mosque/temple? Often O Sometimes O Not at all O 6 . To what ethnic group do you belong? African descent OIndian descent O Chinese descent O Mixed descent O 7. Do you participate in community activities? Yes O no O If yes please state what 8. Do you play sports/ musical instruments? Yes O no O If yes please state what 9. Do you think that the lack of an education can be one of the major causes of drug abuse? Yes O No O 10. Do you think that the schools, youth groups, clubs†¦.. tc, is making a positive impact in trying to stop the levels of drug abuse? SCHOOLS – Yes: very much O Little O No, none at all O Yes: much O Very little O YOUTH GROUPS – Yes: very much O Little O No, none at all O Yes: much O Very little O CLUBS – Yes: very much O Little O No, none at all O Yes: much O Very little O 11. What do you think are the level of which drugs are used in your village?Low O Medium O High O None at all O 12. How effective are the police in dealing with drugs in your village? Very much O Much O Little O Very lit tle O 13. What age group uses drugs the most in your village? 14 – 25 O 26 – 35 O 36 – 45 O 46+ O 14. Which one of the following would you say can be the main cause of drug abuse in your village? Peer Pressure from friends O Poverty O Parents not setting good examples O Lack of a proper education O 15.In your village please state in a percentage how many of the youths you think are affected by drugs compared to those who are not? 5 – 24% O 25 – 50% O 51 – 75% O 75 – 100% O 16. How does drug abuse affect the youths of your district in terms of causing fights and gang warfare? Yes: Badly O Very bad O No: Not really O Not at all O 17. Have you ever used drugs? Yes O No O BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. http://medical-dictionary. thefreedictionary. com/drug+abuse 2.

Replacement of kiln shell

Everything must be properly placed so that the next step, shell removal, goes aimlessly. Once the kiln shells lengths, weights, cribbing and crane requirements are determined, the shell layout can begin. The ultimate goal is to cut the shell, at the proper location, perpendicular to the centerline of the kiln. Ã'Å¡ Best ways to do this is to 1) Perform a series of stop cuts in the kiln as it is rotating, 2) Paying special attention to keep the thrust tree against the thrust roller and also against the same set of tree retainers.Once the cuts determining the overall length are complete, 3) A relief cut must be laid out. This is usually 10-inn wide section on one end ND, once removed, will provide some extra room for removing the shell. Finally, the kiln must be parked and the drive locked out, the support cribbing raised into position, the relief section cut out by hand and the kiln pushed apart by 1-1. In to allow extra room to get the new shell back in. Harmon Shah 2) Shell removal With stop cuts in, the cribbing up and the relief section removed, it is time to rig the shell pieces for removal.Typically, a spreader beam is used to provide more leeway and control while removing a section. Under the spreader beam, braided cables can be shackled together through the clearance holes that eve been cut in the kiln and reinforced. It is critical that the shell thickness is analyzed to make sure that the cables and reinforcing will not tear the shell. The shell is then cut free Of the rest Of the kiln with the use Of torches. This process will be repeated until all of the shell sections have been removed. The final step is to grind the exposed ends of the shell.Since the new joints were cut with a torch, the cutting slay and imperfections need to be ground smooth to provide a good surface to weld to. 3) Installation and alignment The installation of the new kiln shell typically occurs in the opposite order of he removal. The shell sections are hoisted ensuring that th ey are hanging perfectly on the kiln slope -? once in location this will provide an even joint to fit. Consideration should also be given to installing the longitudinal seams in adjacent shell sections opposite each other.The kiln shell is held in place by temporary joint hardware and cribbing as required. The joint hardware typically consists of angles and radial adjustment blocks, welded to the shell and threaded through rods and nuts that fit through the angles to adjust and support the shell. Radial shell mismatch is extremely important when fitting he shell using the radial adjustment blocks that were installed in the shell. When new shell fits to new shell, the inside diameter is typically the same, thus there should be less than a 1/inn mismatch. However, it is not uncommon that the inside of the old shell is corroded.When this is the case, it is important to ensure the mismatch is very even around the joint and does not vary by more than 1/inn, even if the total mismatch is 1/in. With the joints aligned, the through rods are used to pull the shell sections together. Tie bars should be installed to lock in the joint alignment attained with the mint hardware and to take up the torsion's forces exerted on the joint during rotation. At this point all equipment and material is removed from the inside of the kiln. Run-out stands, fixed location roughly inn uphill and downhill of each joint are set up.The kiln is rotated and a set of stations, 1-12, laid out on the shell. At each of these stations two readings are taken, one at the uphill run-out stand and one at the downhill. The resulting numbers are then taken and laid out on a polar graph. When looking at the magnitude of the run-out on a polar graph, opposite readings will show any corresponding moves. Several of these indications in the same quadrant will warrant a corrective adjustment of the joint. With run-out readings showing no corrective adjustment, the shell and joints are ready for the next step , welding. ) Weld Eng The shell is typically welded on the outside first. The shell joints are ground so that the mill scale is removed several inches uphill and downhill of the actual joints bevel. A root pass in the base of the bevels is welded in by hand with the welder taking care to properly preheat the shell. The remaining outside bevel is welded using the submerged arc welding (SAW) process. SAW is the preferred welding method for the majority of the bevel because of its consistent, superior quality of weld and its very high deposition rate.